What is Scientific Research
for Innovation Management?

MdC. Fabio A. CRUZ SANCHEZ

Université de Lorraine

Pr. Mauricio Camargo

2025-01-21

For you,
What is Scientific Research ?
Why is it important?

Objectives of the Module

  1. 🧠 Knowledge :
    • Sensibilization on the scientific research process and High Superior Education system
  2. 🔨 Know-how :
    • Search on pertinent scientific databases.
    • Sensibilization of a critical thinking of research.
    • Identify a pertinent bibliography.
  3. ✍Competences :
    • Be able to structure a scientific document presening the main components (Context, Problem, Research Question, Methodology and Results).

People

Seances 1-2

Seances 3-4

Rules of the game

  1. Each session there will be a TD to be putted on ARCHE.

Note final = \(Moyenne\)

  1. Article of State of the Art about your Internship (7 pages).

    • Title
    • Abstract
    • Résumé en anglais
    • Résumé en français
    • Synthèse (7 pages)
    • References

Introduction to the Scientific Research

What are the difference between
Engineering and Research (in Innovation) ?

Engineering vs Research (in Innovation)

What is scientific research ?

The process of finding solutions to a problem after a thorough study and analysis of the situational factors.

Based on two research elements:

  • 🔎 Observations (information or data)
  • 💡 Theory (arguments)

Source: Saunders, M.N.K., Lewis, P., Thornhill, A., 2019.
Research methods for business students, Eighth Edition. ed. Pearson, New York.

Types of research

Photos courtesy of Wikipedia

Inductive vs Deductive Research ?

Scientific approaches

Scientific approaches

Deduction

la méthode par laquelle on va de la cause aux effets, du principe aux conséquences, du général au particulier.

Induction

La règle découle de l’observation répétée de faits réels, contingents.

Mental model for the course?

Research conceptualization

The perspectives of the research

Process perspective

Stakeholder perspective

Source: Pandey, S., Pattnaik, P., 2015.
University Research Ecosystem: A Conceptual Understanding.
Review of Economic and Business Studies 8.

Understanding the ecosystems of the scientific research

Scientific Documents

Authors

Organizations

Countries

Scientific Databases

What the difference these two googles?

Google Scholar Vs Google Traditional

Peer Reviewing process

Google Scholar Vs Google Traditional

Scientific Databases

At the ENT Ul > Ressources en Ligne

  • Scientific databases
  • Research papers
  • Books
  • Institutional reports → WHO, EU …
  • Societies
    • Conferences proceedings (IEEE, IAMOT, IFAC…)
  • Institutional repositories → dissertations
  • IP registrars → Patents

🦸‍♂🦸🏻‍♀️ Standing on the shoulders of giants!!

Web of science → Scientific & Patent databases

Scientific Articles

Core Collections

Patents database Derwent Innovations Index

Funding Agencies (EU, National, Regional, Local)

Research funding bodies play a crucial role in shaping the landscape of scientific research.

Key Roles and Functions

  • Prioritization and Quality Assessment
  • Promoting Research Integrity
  • Facilitating Interdisciplinary Research
  • Influence on Collaboration Networks

Barriers

  • Partnership Challenges
  • Assessment Practices
  • Conservative Policies

The Research Institutions

Source: Mission sur l’écosystème de la recherche et de l’innovation

Public authority responsible for evaluating all higher education and research structures.

  1. Evaluation of the Université de Lorraine
  2. Evaluation of ERPI

ERPI Laboratory UL

https://erpi.univ-lorraine.fr/

The Researcher(s)


Source: Personnel enseignant du supérieur et chercheurs

Public authority responsible for evaluating all Researches.

Conseil national des universités

Why bother to study the scientific research?

Why should I learn about the search process?

Research and the “Managers”

  • 🥼 To work as a researcher (PhD., R&D Department)

  • 🗣️ To become a pertinent intelocutor at your company

  • ⚖️ Help to make evidence-based decisions: e.g. Public politics

  • 🔮 Help in the strategic and future decision-making

As an Innovation Manager you are going to face problems that your R&D department or/and external researcher (open-innovation) can help you to solve.

Why a company would bother with scientific research ?

Technology Readiness → Maturity

The industrial emergence mapping framework.

Phaal, R., O’Sullivan, E., Routley, M., Ford, S., Probert, D., 2011. A framework for mapping industrial emergence.
Technological Forecasting and Social Change 78, 217–230.

On the case of Entreprise

Technology Readiness → Levels

Framework developed in the Aeronautical field.

Technology Readiness Levels (TRL)

Technology Readiness → The Valley of Death

Source: Hensen, J., Loonen, R., Archontiki, M., Kanellis, M., 2015. Using building simulation for moving innovations across the “Valley of Death.”
REHVA Journal 52, 58–62.

Technology Readiness → Challenges TRL4 - TRL7

Source: Hensen, J., Loonen, R., Archontiki, M., Kanellis, M., 2015. Using building simulation for moving innovations across the “Valley of Death.” REHVA Journal 52, 58–62.

Technology Readiness → Challenges TRL4 - TRL7

  • There is a lack of tools that can provide insights into technology-integration issues at an early R&D phase (TRL 1-5).
  • This results in a mismatch between information need and availability and complicates decision-making.
  • The process requires an interdisciplinary approach. The right combination of skills and expertise may not always be available

Technology Readiness → Evolution

How to be a relevant interlocuteur?

Bibliometric Analysis

Donthu, N., Kumar, S., Mukherjee, D., Pandey, N., Lim, W.M., 2021.
How to conduct a bibliometric analysis: An overview and guidelines.
Journal of Business Research 133, 285–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.04.070

What is a Bibliometric Analysis?

A popular and rigorous method for exploring and analyzing large volumes of scientific data. It enables us to unpack the evolutionary nuances of a specific field, while shedding light on the emerging areas in that field.

The
Bibliometric
toolbox

The Bibliometric
toolbox

Techniques

  1. Performance: Examines the contributions of research constitutiens to a given field.
  2. Science Mapping: Examines the Relationships among the research constitutiens to a given field.

The Bibliometric
toolbox

Performance Techniques

Quantity of:

  • Documents
  • Authors
  • Productivity

 

Real question is:

Is this subject interest for scientific community? 🧐

Quantitative Description !!

The Bibliometric
toolbox

Quantity of:

 


Real question is:

Have this subject an Impact and diffusion of knowledge in the community? 🧐


⛔️ Although their relationship with research quality is complex and multifaceted issue.

The Bibliometric
toolbox

Quantity of:

  • Collaborations
  • Citations
  • ‘Impact factors’:
    • h-index
    • g-index
    • i-index

 


Real question is:

How this research is made? 🧐
What is its statistical distribution?📊
How many ‘big fish’ documents ? 🐋

The Bibliometric
toolbox

Techniques

  1. Performance: Examines the contributions of research constitutiens to a given field.
  2. Science Mapping: Examines the Relationships among the research constitutiens to a given field.

Qualitative Description !!

The Bibliometric
toolbox

Citation Analysis

Relationship of documents based on:

  • Citations

Real question is:

What documents are the most important based on the citations parameter? 🧐

For example:

The Bibliometric
toolbox

Co-citation

  • Publications that are cited together frequently are similar thematically



Real question is:

What are the seminal publications and knowledge foundations for a topic? 🧐

For example:

The Bibliometric
toolbox

Bibliographic coupling

  • Two publications sharing common references are
    also similar in their content




Real question is:

What are the broad spectrum of themes of a topic and its latest developments?🧐

For example:

The Bibliometric
toolbox

Co-word Analysis

  • Unit of analysis is → “Words”
    • Titles, Keywords, Abstracts.
  • Words that frequently appear together have a thematic relationship with one another

Real question is:

What is the semantic field of a topic?🧐

 







For example:

Co-citation analysis (Past) → Bibliographic coupling (Present) → and Co-word Analysis (Future)

The Bibliometric
toolbox

Co-authorship analysis

  • Interactions among scholars (Universities, Countries) in a research field.
  • Co-authorship is a formal way of intellectual collaboration.
  • Collaborations across different periods of time
  • Valuable information to reach out and collaborate with established and trending scholars

Real question is:

Who researcher / University / Country is the best placed in a particular topic? 🧐

 








For example:

Your Turn for Conceptualize your research !

Two options:

Presentation of TD

Mental model of the Research conceptualization

Theoretical background

  1. Scientific databases

  1. Methodological Support : Bibliometric Analysis


Source: Donthu, N., Kumar, S., Mukherjee, D., Pandey, N., Lim, W.M., 2021.
How to conduct a bibliometric analysis: An overview and guidelines.
Journal of Business Research 133, 285–296.

The Exercises

Step 1: Define the research questions

Step 2: Define research equation to use in WoS

Step 3: Visualize & Analize Scientific and Patent databases

📃 Download the Document on ARCHE

Bibliometric mapping: Vosviewer

Download at https://www.vosviewer.com/

Thank you

Everything start with a good research question !

Everything start with a good research question


1 Descriptive (What, When, Where, Who or How)

e.g. What percentageof coachees report that coaching helped them with a problem they experienced

2 Explanatory (Why?)

e.g. Why dis 65% of coachees report that coacing helped them with a problem they experienced? this

Good research question: Descriptive & Explanatory

Being able to provide meaningful explanations requires answers to why (i.e. explanatory) questions in addition to what (i.e. descriptive) questions.

For example:

  • ‘How effective is the coaching process at helping coachees to solve a problem they experience and what are the reasons for this?’
  • ‘To what extent is the coaching process effective at helping coachees solve a problem and why?’

PICOC Framework

Parameter Meaning
Population The What or Who in which the evidence is collected,
Intervention The how applied in the empirical study
Comparison In which the intervention is compared to
Outcomes What you expect to observe
Context In which particular environment of the population, including whether it is conducted in academia or industry

PICOC Framework: Example 1

Semantic Web and Linked Data for Information Exchange between the Building and Product Manufacturing Industries: A Literature Review.

Research question

What are the benefits and limitations of using the Semantic Web and Linked data LD technologies for developing product data templates for information ex-changes between the building and lighting product manufacturing industries in comparison with the conventional approach of information exchanges using the openBIM standards?

Source: R Kebede, A Moscati, P Johansson, H Tan (2020).
Semantic Web and Linked Data for Information Exchange between the Building and Product Manufacturing Industries: A Literature Review.
Proceedings of the 37th International Conference of CIB W78, Sao Paulo - online, BR, 18-20 August, pp. 248-265 (ISSN: 2706-6568),

PICOC Framework: Example 2

Ecosystem services research in mountainous regions: A systematic literature review on current knowledge and research gaps

Research question

  1. What is the state-of-the-art in MES?
  2. Which MES types had the highest and the least number of studies?
  3. Which modeling approaches are common to assess MES? ….

Source: Mengist, Wondimagegn, Teshome Soromessa, and Gudina Legese.
Method for conducting systematic literature review and meta-analysis for environmental science research.
MethodsX 7 (2020): 100777.

Thanks for your Atenttion